What components make up a drip irrigation tape?
2024-12-24
Sprinkler irrigation is a method of irrigation that uses air pressure to deliver water, creating high-pressure water jets through spraying devices, which shoot water into the air at high speeds, forming mist-like droplets that quickly fall to the ground.
A sprinkler system generally consists of a water source, water delivery pipelines, nozzles, control devices, and irrigation devices.
1. Irrigation Pipeline
The pipeline in a sprinkler system is the channel that transports the water source (air) to the nozzle after pressurization. Generally, pressurized pipes are used in the pipeline, and different diameters and materials are selected based on the water source pressure and the required water volume, with carbon steel being the best choice. In cold northern regions, plastic pipes can be used during the cold winter to reduce soil damage.
When the water source pressure is high, unpressurized pipes can be used. If the water source pressure is low or in extremely cold areas, steel pipes can be used to minimize soil damage.
Nozzles are generally installed at the end of the pipeline or on the main pipe. To ensure that the water flow reaches the nozzle quickly and evenly, they are usually installed at the end or on the main pipe. As shown in Figure 1-2, this is the connection method between the nozzle and the main pipe.
2. Nozzle
The nozzle is the core component of the sprinkler system. It is a special nozzle composed of a spray hole and a spray pipe, with a working pressure of 15-30 Mpa. The spray hole is generally made of multi-strand copper core or aluminum core coated with silver or tin copper pipe, with a diameter of 3-5 mm. The spray pipe mainly includes metal hoses, plastic hoses, rigid PVC pipes, and composite plastic hoses. Metal hoses have high resistance to mechanical damage and are suitable for areas with significant soil moisture variation or solid soil structure. Rigid PVC pipes have advantages such as pressure resistance and corrosion resistance, while composite plastic hoses are inexpensive and suitable for arid regions. Nozzles can also be made into various shapes and specifications as needed, such as cylindrical, fan-shaped, needle-shaped, strip-shaped, round, and oval. Nozzles are generally designed to be either fixed or detachable.
3. Control Devices
The control devices in a sprinkler system are designed to achieve automatic control of the nozzles, pumps, and pipeline network. Based on the system's operating conditions, manual control can be added on top of the automatic control.
(1) Automatic Control System: Includes controllers, signal processors, actuators, solenoid valves, pressure gauges, flow meters, etc.
(2) Manual Control: Based on the system's operating conditions and user requirements, manual start/stop operations can be performed on the pump and the nozzle.
(3) Computer Control System: Uses microcomputers or industrial control computers as controllers to achieve system automation. The microcomputer control system automatically adjusts the pressure and flow of the pump and pipeline through control programs. Industrial control computers can achieve remote monitoring and automatic inspection, and can exchange data with controllers via serial ports or networks.
4. Irrigation Device
The irrigation device is an important component of the sprinkler system, commonly including wheel irrigation groups, strip irrigation devices, and point irrigation devices. The wheel irrigation group consists of several wheeled nozzles arranged at certain intervals, with each nozzle being an independent irrigation unit that can move according to the direction of water flow. The strip irrigation device consists of strip nozzles, with each strip made up of several horizontally arranged strip nozzles, which can be selected in different widths and spacings according to actual needs. Point irrigation devices use pressure sensors to convert pressure signals into electrical signals to control the solenoid valve for water supply. The irrigation device is an important part of the sprinkler system, generally controlled by pressure sensors and solenoid valves.
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